A review of sleep disturbances following traumatic brain injury

Background: Sleep disorders are common following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: We review the literature regarding sleep disturbances in the acute and chronic phase following TBI in both the adult and pediatric population. Results: Acute and chronic disruption of sleep commonly follows TBI and contributes to morbidity commonly seen post-injury in both adults and children. This includes the direct effect of TBI leading to sleep disruption, as well as sleep disorders resulting from TBI itself. Pre-TBI neurocognitive testing is important to determine a baseline prior to injury, while disrupted sleep can also prolong recovery after TBI. Early recognition of sleep disturbances post-injury can lead to earlier treatment and limit the sequelae of TBI, as well as assist in recovery. Conclusion: We suggest that evaluation for sleep disturbances following TBI is a critical component of post-TBI assessment and management.